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NASA seeks to create a better battery with SABERS

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NASA seeks to create a better battery with SABERS

Dealing with battery issues on our phones, tablets, or laptops can be frustrating. Although batteries are everywhere in everyday life, many still suffer breakdowns and failures. The minor inconvenience of needing to charge them more often could even turn into costly repairs or buying a new device altogether. Batteries in larger electronics, like hoverboards or cars, can even catch fire.

Now, with increasing emphasis on aviation sustainability, interest in using batteries to partially or fully power electric propulsion systems on aircraft of all sizes is growing each day.

So, the question is could there be a better way to build batteries that are completely safe and don’t fail or even catch fire?

A NASA activity called SABERS, or “Solid-state Architecture Batteries for Enhanced Rechargeability and Safety,” is researching how to create a safer battery by using brand-new materials and novel construction methods.

The goal is to create a battery that has significantly higher energy than the lithium-ion batteries we currently use. This battery also would not lose capacity over time, catch fire, or endanger passengers if something goes wrong.

“Instead of taking a battery off the shelf, we determined we needed to develop a battery from scratch that would be tailored to the unique performance requirements of an electric aircraft,” said Rocco Viggiano, lead SABERS researcher at NASA’s Glenn Research Center in Cleveland.

Turns out, solid-state batteries fit the bill.

As opposed to many batteries today, the batteries SABERS wishes to create don’t have any liquid in their design. A fully solid battery has less complicated packaging, lowers safety risks, and can withstand more damage than a battery with liquids inside it.

The project has examined using a unique combination of the elements sulfur and selenium to hold electric charge.

“A solid-state sulfur-selenium battery is cool to the touch and doesn’t catch fire. It has a slimmer profile than lithium-ion batteries and has better energy storage. It can take a beating and still operate, often in less than ideal conditions,” Viggiano said.

An additional benefit is sulfur being a byproduct of oil refining. There are stockpiles of the element worldwide that are accessible and just waiting to be used. With some imagination, this waste product can be turned into something that powers environmentally friendly vehicles.

Imagination is another aspect of SABERS.
The project seeks to use elements that have never been combined before to form a battery. For instance, a NASA-developed component called “holey graphene” (named for the holes in its surface to allow air to pass through), has a very high level of electrical conductivity. It is ultra-lightweight and environmentally friendly.

“This material has never been used in battery systems, and we are combining it with other materials that have never been used,” Viggiano said.

SABERS Makes Strides

Solid-state batteries are known to have a low discharge rate. In other words, the amount of power that flows out of the battery at once is too low. But SABERS researchers have almost doubled this discharge rate, meaning that solid-state batteries could feasibly power larger electronics.

“We exceeded our goal. With more development, we can improve that rate even further,” Viggiano said. The project’s goals and successes have attracted the attention of companies such as Uber and several other companies interested in manufacturing vehicles for future Advanced Air Mobility environments.

The next step for SABERS is to run the battery design through its paces. This will include testing how it works in practical situations, making sure it’s safe, and gathering data on its performance. If successful, the design could be optimized even further.

Meanwhile, safety remains the number one consideration.

Current battery research is mostly oriented toward the auto industry, whose safety standards are generally less restrictive than those required for aviation applications where the batteries encounter more stressful environments.

SABERS wants to help set that new, higher standard for use in aviation by proving that making safer batteries is both technically feasible and economically lucrative.

What requirements should these solid-state batteries meet? Based on an analysis of what might be needed to operate a practical electric aircraft, the five considerations SABERS focused on were safety, energy density, discharge rate, package design, and scalability.

Essentially, these batteries need to be safe above all else. They also need to hold an enormous amount of power and emit that power efficiently. They should also have a slim and compact shape and be developed with the most detailed and thorough approach possible.

Ultimately, SABERS is determining the feasibility of safe batteries for electrically propelled airplanes. If successful, these innovations could help enable a new era of power storage for future air travel.

SABERS is part of the Convergent Aeronautics Solutions project, which is designed to give NASA researchers the resources they need to determine if their ideas to solve some of aviation’s biggest technical challenges are feasible, and perhaps worthy of additional pursuit within NASA or by industry.

Selected to be a two-year activity that began on Oct. 1, 2019, interruptions in the pursuit prompted by the COVID-19 pandemic may lead to an extension, although nothing has yet been decided.

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Innovative approach to perovskite solar cells achieves 24.5% efficiency

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Innovative approach to perovskite solar cells achieves 24.5% efficiency


Innovative approach to perovskite solar cells achieves 24.5% efficiency

by Simon Mansfield

Sydney, Australia (SPX) Mar 28, 2024






In groundbreaking research published in Nano Energy, a team led by Prof. CHEN Chong at the Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, part of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, has significantly improved the performance of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). By integrating inorganic nano-material tin sulfoxide (SnSO) as a dopant, they have boosted the photoelectric conversion efficiency (PCE) of PSCs to an impressive 24.5%.

Traditional methods of enhancing the charge transport in the critical hole transport layer (HTL) of PSCs involve the use of lithium trifluoromethanesulfonyl imide (Li-TFSI) to facilitate the oxidation of the HTL material spiro-OMeTAD. However, this method suffers from low doping efficiency and can leave excess Li-TFSI in the spiro-OMeTAD film, reducing its compactness and long-term conductivity. Additionally, the oxidation process typically requires 10-24 hours to achieve the desired electrical conductivity and work function.



The HFIPS team’s innovation lies in their development of a rapid and replicable method to control the oxidation of nanomaterials, using SnSO nanomaterial to pre-oxidize spiro-OMeTAD in precursor solutions. This novel approach not only enhances conductivity but also optimizes the energy level position of the HTL, culminating in a high PCE of 24.5%.



One of the key advantages of the SnSO-regulated spiro-OMeTAD HTL is its pinhole-free, uniform, and smooth morphology, which maintains its performance and physical integrity even under challenging conditions of high temperature and humidity. Additionally, the oxidation process facilitated by this method is significantly faster, taking only a few hours- a crucial factor in improving the commercial production efficiency of PSCs.



Prof. CHEN Chong highlighted the importance of this breakthrough, stating, “Also, the oxidation process only takes a few hours, which is good for improving the commercial preparation efficiency of PSCs.” This advancement not only marks a significant leap in the efficiency and stability of PSCs but also holds substantial implications for their commercial viability.



Research Report:A nanomaterial-regulated oxidation of hole transporting layer for highly stable and efficient perovskite solar cells


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Revolutionary technique boosts flexible solar cell efficiency to record high

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Revolutionary technique boosts flexible solar cell efficiency to record high


Revolutionary technique boosts flexible solar cell efficiency to record high

by Simon Mansfield

Sydney, Australia (SPX) Mar 28, 2024






Researchers at Tsinghua University have made a significant breakthrough in the efficiency of flexible solar cells, leveraging a novel fabrication technique to set a new efficiency record. This advancement addresses the longstanding challenge of the lower energy conversion efficiency in flexible solar cells compared to their rigid counterparts, offering promising implications for aerospace and flexible electronics applications.

Flexible perovskite solar cells (FPSCs), despite their potential, have historically lagged in efficiency due to the polyethylene terephthalate (PET)-based flexible substrate’s inherent softness and inhomogeneity. This limitation, coupled with durability issues arising from the substrate’s susceptibility to water and oxygen infiltration, has hindered the practical deployment of FPSCs.



The team from the State Key Laboratory of Power System Operation and Control at Tsinghua University, alongside collaborators from the Center for Excellence in Nanoscience at the National Center for Nanoscience and Technology in Beijing, introduced a chemical bath deposition (CBD) technique. This method facilitates the deposition of tin oxide (SnO2) on flexible substrates without the need for strong acids, which are detrimental to such substrates. Tin oxide is essential for the FPSCs as it acts as an electron transport layer, crucial for the cells’ power conversion efficiency.



Associate Professor Chenyi Yi, a senior author of the study, explained, “Our method utilizes SnSO4 tin sulfate instead of SnCl2 tin chloride, making it suitable for acid-sensitive flexible substrates. This approach not only enhances the efficiency of FPSCs but also their durability, with a new power conversion efficiency benchmark set at 25.09%, certified at 24.90%.”



The novel fabrication technique also contributes to the FPSCs’ stability, as demonstrated by the cells maintaining 90% of their initial efficiency after being bent 10,000 times. The researchers noted an improved high-temperature stability in SnSO4-based FPSCs over those made with SnCl2, pointing towards the dual benefits of efficiency and durability enhancements.



The research signifies a leap towards industrial-scale production of high-efficiency FPSCs, with potential applications ranging from wearable technology and portable electronics to aerospace power sources and large-scale renewable energy solutions. The team’s findings, supported by Ningyu Ren, Liguo Tan, Minghao Li, Junjie Zhou, Yiran Ye, Boxin Jiao, and Liming Ding, mark a pivotal step in transitioning FPSCs from laboratory to commercial use.



Research Report:25% – Efficiency flexible perovskite solar cells via controllable growth of SnO2


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KAUST advances in perovskite-silicon tandem cells

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KAUST advances in perovskite-silicon tandem cells


KAUST advances in perovskite-silicon tandem cells

by Sophie Jenkins

London, UK (SPX) Mar 28, 2024






In 2009, researchers introduced perovskite-based solar cells, highlighting the potential of methylammonium lead bromide and methylammonium lead iodide-known as lead halide perovskites-for photovoltaic research. These materials, notable for their excellent light-absorbing properties, marked the beginning of an innovative direction in solar energy generation. Since then, the efficiency of perovskite solar cells has significantly increased, indicating a future where they are used alongside traditional silicon in solar panels.

Erkan Aydin, Stefaan De Wolf, and their team at King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST) have explored how this tandem technology could transition from experimental stages to commercial production. Perovskites are lauded for their low-temperature production process and their flexibility in application, offering a lighter, more adaptable, and potentially cost-effective alternative to silicon-based panels.



Combining perovskite with silicon in a single solar cell leverages the strengths of both materials, enhancing sunlight utilization and reducing losses that aren’t converted into electrical energy. “The synergy between perovskite and silicon technologies in tandem cells captures a broader spectrum of sunlight, minimizing energy loss and significantly boosting efficiency,” Aydin notes.



However, Aydin and his colleagues acknowledge challenges in scaling tandem solar-cell fabrication for the marketplace. For instance, the process of depositing perovskite on silicon surfaces is complicated by the silicon’s texture. Traditional laboratory methods like spin coating are not feasible for large-scale production due to their inefficiency and material wastage. Alternatives such as slot-die coating and physical vapor deposition present their own set of advantages and challenges.



Moreover, the durability of perovskite components under environmental stressors such as moisture, heat, and light remains a critical concern. Aydin emphasizes the need for focused research to enhance the reliability and lifespan of perovskite/silicon tandem cells, especially in harsh conditions.



Although tandem modules have already been demonstrated in proof-of-concept stages, the timeline for their market readiness is uncertain. Nonetheless, the successful development of efficient, commercial-grade perovskite/silicon solar cells is essential for meeting global energy demands sustainably.



Research Report:Pathways toward commercial perovskite/silicon tandem photovoltaics


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King Abdullah University of Science and Technology

All About Solar Energy at SolarDaily.com





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