Solar Energy

Solar energy surges ahead, set to eclipse hydro, nuclear, and wind capacities

Published

11 months ago

January 18, 2024

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Solar energy surges ahead, set to eclipse hydro, nuclear, and wind capacities

by Clarence Oxford

Los Angeles CA (SPX) Jan 18, 2024

A comprehensive review of the latest data released by the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) has underscored a significant shift in the U.S. energy sector, with solar energy emerging as a dominant force. The SUN DAY Campaign’s analysis of the FERC’s November data paints a clear picture: solar is not just a rising star in the energy arena, but it’s on track to outshine traditional powerhouses like hydro, nuclear, wind, and coal.

According to FERC’s “Energy Infrastructure Update” report, as of November 30, 2023, solar energy contributed a remarkable 13,169 megawatts (MW) of new domestic generating capacity in the year, accounting for 46.5% of the total. This not only exceeds any other energy source for the year but also nearly matches the combined new capacity from natural gas (9,205-MW) and wind (4,424-MW). This marks a 43.1% increase in solar capacity additions compared to the same period in the previous year.

November 2023 itself set a new monthly record for solar capacity additions with 1,982-MW, making up 73.7% of new capacity placed into service. The rest of the capacity for the month was largely supplied by wind (677-MW), with minor contributions from natural gas (15-MW), oil (8-MW), geothermal (4-MW), and biomass (3-MW). Remarkably, renewables as a whole accounted for 99.1% of the month’s capacity additions. Year-to-date, renewables have supplied nearly two-thirds (63.3%) of all new generating capacity, with natural gas trailing at 32.5% and nuclear power at 3.9%.

This rapid growth in solar capacity has increased its share of total available installed generating capacity to 7.5%. For comparison, wind’s current share stands at 11.7%, while hydropower is at 7.9%. Including biomass (1.2%) and geothermal (0.3%), renewables now boast a 28.6% share of the U.S. utility-scale generating capacity.

At the start of 2023, solar’s share was a lesser 6.4%, while wind and hydropower were at 11.4% and 8.0%, respectively. The total renewable mix then accounted for 27.3%. If current growth trends persist, solar is expected to surpass the individual capacities of hydropower within months and nuclear power (8.1%) in less than a year. It is also likely to overtake both wind and coal capacities in the near future.

FERC’s projections highlight a dramatic trajectory for solar. Between December 2023 and November 2026, “high probability” solar additions are expected to reach 91,152-MW, which is over four times greater than the forecast for wind (19,291-MW) and nearly 25 times more than that for natural gas (3,670-MW). Hydropower is anticipated to see a modest growth of 543-MW, while coal is projected to contract by 17,733-MW.

Moreover, the actual growth in solar capacity might even surpass these projections. FERC suggests the possibility of as much as 216,466-MW in new solar additions over the next three years. This upward trend in solar’s “high probability” additions is consistent across FERC’s monthly reports.

If these projections hold true, by late autumn 2026, solar could constitute almost one-seventh (13.6%) of the nation’s installed generating capacity, surpassing wind (12.3%) and significantly outdoing both hydropower and nuclear power (each at 7.4%). Solar’s share would nearly match that of coal (13.9%).

However, it’s crucial to note that FERC’s data focuses on utility-scale facilities, omitting the capacity of distributed renewables like rooftop solar PV. The U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) estimates that small-scale solar PV accounted for 30.7% of the nation’s solar electricity generation in the first ten months of 2023. This suggests that the combined capacity of distributed and utility-scale solar is substantially higher than FERC’s reported 7.5%, potentially nearing 10.0%, and on track to exceed 18.0% within three years.

In this evolving landscape, natural gas is projected to remain the largest contributor to the U.S. generating capacity at 41.4% by 2026. However, solar, emerging as a formidable competitor, is poised to take second place. The combined capacity of all renewable sources could reach 34.7% of utility-scale capacity, and potentially 39.0% of all generating capacity, including smaller-scale solar.

Ken Bossong, Executive Director of the SUN DAY Campaign, aptly summarizes this shift: “Solar is proving to be a giant killer. Within two or three years, it will be the largest renewable energy source by capacity and second only to natural gas among all energy sources.”

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Solar Energy

Breakthrough new material brings affordable, sustainable future within grasp

Published

4 days ago

December 22, 2024

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Breakthrough new material brings affordable, sustainable future within grasp

by Rashda Khan for Canepa News

Houston TX (SPX) Dec 23, 2024

While lithium-ion batteries have been the go-to technology for everything from smartphones and laptops to electric cars, there are growing concerns about the future because lithium is relatively scarce, expensive and difficult to source, and may soon be at risk due to geopolitical considerations. Scientists around the world are working to create viable alternatives.

An international team of interdisciplinary researchers, including the Canepa Research Laboratory at the University of Houston, has developed a new type of material for sodium-ion batteries that could make them more efficient and boost their energy performance – paving the way for a more sustainable and affordable energy future.

The new material, sodium vanadium phosphate with the chemical formula NaxV2(PO4)3, improves sodium-ion battery performance by increasing the energy density – the amount of energy stored per kilogram – by more than 15%. With a higher energy density of 458 watt-hours per kilogram (Wh/kg) compared to the 396 Wh/kg in older sodium-ion batteries, this material brings sodium technology closer to competing with lithium-ion batteries.

“Sodium is nearly 50 times cheaper than lithium and can even be harvested from seawater, making it a much more sustainable option for large-scale energy storage,” said Pieremanuele Canepa, Robert Welch assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at UH and lead researcher of the Canepa Lab. “Sodium-ion batteries could be cheaper and easier to produce, helping reduce reliance on lithium and making battery technology more accessible worldwide.”

From Theory to Reality

The Canepa Lab, which uses theoretical expertise and computational methods to discover new materials and molecules to help advance clean energy technologies, collaborated with the research groups headed by French researchers Christian Masquelier and Laurence Croguennec from the Laboratoire de Rea’ctivite’ et de Chimie des Solides, which is a CNRS laboratory part of the Universite’ de Picardie Jules Verne, in Amiens France, and the Institut de Chimie de la Matie`re Condense’e de Bordeaux, Universite’ de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France for the experimental work on the project. This allowed theoretical modelling to go through experimental validation.

The researchers created a battery prototype using the new material, NaxV2(PO4)3, demonstrating significant energy storage improvements. NaxV2(PO4)3, part of a group called “Na superionic conductors” or NaSICONs, is designed to let sodium ions move smoothly in and out of the battery during charging and discharging.

Unlike existing materials, it has a unique way of handling sodium, allowing it to work as a single-phase system. This means it remains stable as it releases or takes in sodium ions. This allows the NaSICON to remain stable during charging and discharging while delivering a continuous voltage of 3.7 volts versus sodium metal, higher than the 3.37 volts in existing materials.

While this difference may seem small, it significantly increases the battery’s energy density or how much energy it can store for its weight. The key to its efficiency is vanadium, which can exist in multiple stable states, allowing it to hold and release more energy.

“The continuous voltage change is a key feature,” said Canepa. “It means the battery can perform more efficiently without compromising the electrode stability. That’s a game-changer for sodium-ion technology.”

Possibilities for a Sustainable Future

The implications of this work extend beyond sodium-ion batteries. The synthesis method used to create NaxV2(PO4)3 could be applied to other materials with similar chemistries, opening new possibilities for advanced energy storage technologies. That could in turn, impact everything from more affordable, sustainable batteries to power our devices to help us transition to a cleaner energy economy.

“Our goal is to find clean, sustainable solutions for energy storage,” Canepa said. “This material shows that sodium-ion batteries can meet the high-energy demands of modern technology while being cost-effective and environmentally friendly.”

A paper based on this work was published in the journal Nature Materials. Ziliang Wang, Canepa’s former student and now a postdoctoral fellow at Northwestern University, and Sunkyu Park, a former student of the French researchers and now a staff engineer at Samsung SDI in South Korea, performed much of the work on this project.

Research Report:Obtaining V2(PO4)3 by sodium extraction from single-phase NaxV2(PO4)3 (1 < x < 3) positive electrode materials

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Solar Energy

Pioneering advancements in solid-state battery technology for energy storage

Published

4 days ago

December 22, 2024

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Pioneering advancements in solid-state battery technology for energy storage

by Riko Seibo

Tokyo, Japan (SPX) Dec 23, 2024

Recent strides in solid-state battery technology are setting the stage for a transformative era in energy storage. These advancements hold promise for revolutionizing electric vehicles and renewable energy systems through improved performance and safety. A focus on electrolyte innovation has been key to this progress, enabling the development of high-performance all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs).

A new review paper provides a comprehensive summary of advancements in inorganic solid electrolytes (ISEs), materials that are central to ASSBs. Researchers examined the roles of oxides, sulfides, hydroborates, antiperovskites, and halides not only as electrolytes but also as catholytes and interface layers, which collectively enhance battery performance and safety.

“We highlighted the recent breakthroughs in synthesizing these materials, honing our attention on the innovative techniques that enable the precise tuning of their properties to meet the demanding requirements of ASSBs,” said Eric Jianfeng Cheng, associate professor at Tohoku University’s Advanced Institute for Materials Research (AIMR). “Precise tuning is crucial for developing batteries with higher energy densities, longer life cycles, and better safety profiles than conventional liquid-based batteries.”

The review also delves into the electrochemical properties of ISEs, including ionic conductivity, stability, and electrode compatibility. Researchers evaluated current ASSB models and suggested emerging strategies that could drive the next generation of energy storage solutions.

However, challenges persist in the development of ASSBs, notably the limited compatibility between ISEs and electrodes, which can trigger interfacial reactions. Addressing these compatibility issues is vital to improving battery efficiency and longevity. The review outlines these challenges and provides insights into efforts aimed at overcoming them.

“Our comprehensive review underscores the importance of continued research and development in the field of solid-state batteries. By developing new materials, improving synthesis methods, and overcoming compatibility issues, current efforts are driving innovation toward practical ASSBs that could transform how we store and use energy,” Cheng added.

Research Report:Inorganic solid electrolytes for all-solid-state lithium/sodium-ion batteries: recent developments and applications

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Solar Energy

Buried interface engineering drives advances in tin-lead perovskite solar cell efficiency

Published

6 days ago

December 20, 2024

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Buried interface engineering drives advances in tin-lead perovskite solar cell efficiency

by Simon Mansfield

Sydney, Australia (SPX) Dec 20, 2024

A team led by Prof. Meng Li from Henan University’s School of Nanoscience and Materials Engineering has unveiled an innovative approach to overcoming stability and efficiency challenges in tin-lead (Sn-Pb) perovskite solar cells. The researchers’ work focuses on optimizing the buried hole-selective interface using a specially designed self-assembled material, offering major implications for single-junction and tandem solar cell technologies.

Tin-lead perovskites are valued for their narrow bandgap properties, which position them as key materials for producing high-efficiency solar cells. However, energy level mismatches and degradation at the buried interface have constrained both their performance and long-term stability. Addressing these issues, Prof. Meng’s team designed a boronic acid-anchored hole-selective contact material, 4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)phenylboronic acid (4PBA).

Compared to conventional materials, 4PBA demonstrated superior stability and compatibility at the substrate surface. Its high adsorption energy of -5.24 eV and significant molecular dipole moment (4.524 D) improved energy level alignment between the substrate and perovskite layer, facilitating efficient charge extraction. Additionally, the interface engineered using 4PBA improved perovskite crystallization and substrate contact, reducing defects and non-radiative recombination.

These advancements enabled Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells incorporating 4PBA to achieve a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.45%. The material’s reduced corrosiveness also mitigated the degradation effects typically caused by PEDOT:PSS, a widely used hole-transport material, enhancing chemical stability and storage durability. The cells retained 93.5% of their initial efficiency after 2,000 hours of shelf storage.

“This approach offers a practical path to enhancing both the efficiency and stability of Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells, addressing energy level mismatches and interfacial stability concerns,” the research team commented.

The findings provide a foundation for advancing efficient and stable Sn-Pb perovskite solar cells and highlight the importance of interface engineering in next-generation photovoltaic technologies.

Research Report:Buried Hole-Selective Interface Engineering for High-Efficiency Tin-Lead Perovskite Solar Cells with Enhanced Interfacial Chemical Stability