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Video: A 1000fps look at how a 16mm motion picture camera works

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Video: A 1000fps look at how a 16mm motion picture camera works

Gav with The Slow Mo Guys wanted to check out how a 16mm motion picture camera works in crisp slow motion. Using a Phantom Flex4K, he recorded at a blazing-fast 1,000 frames per second.

The Phantom Flex4K is an incredible feat of engineering and modern technology, but today the focus is on an older Russian 16mm motion picture camera. For viewers who haven’t seen how a 16mm motion camera operates, it’s neat to see the camera’s internals and how the film is loaded. With the film loaded, it’s time to set the frame rate, which is controlled via a dial on the outside of the camera. In this case, Gav will record at the standard 24 fps frame rate, although you can also record using this camera at 8, 12, 16, 32 and 48 fps.

A close-up of the back of the 16mm motion picture camera. Here you can see the rotary disc shutter with its two cut-out sections.

Taking a step back, a digital SLR camera includes a mirror at a 45° angle to project what the lens sees into the optical viewfinder. When you press the shutter release, the mirror flips up out of the way, exposing the shutter, which then remains open for a set amount of time to expose an image. As soon as the shutter closes, the mirror flips back down, allowing you to see through the viewfinder.

This split-view shows how the film is exposed as the disc spins on the left and what is being exposed on the right. When the mirrored disc covers the film opening, a small metal claw is inserted into the holes in the film to move it to the next frame. You can see this in incredible slow motion in the video below.

A 16mm camera operates similarly. The image coming through the lens is bounced by beam-splitting mirrors and then off a mirrored disc set at 45°. Unlike a DSLR, the 45° mirror in the motion picture camera doesn’t move out of the way to reveal a shutter but is itself the shutter. It is a rotary disc shutter. There are two openings on the disc, on either side, so for every 1/2 rotation, a single frame is exposed, which can be seen in glorious slow motion below.

When shooting still frames of Gav pouring water out using the same 1/60s exposure as the motion picture camera, Gav would exhibit some motion blur. Why doesn’t this happen with the motion picture camera? As we can see clearly at 1,000 fps, the film is being driven through the camera but is perfectly stationary when each frame is exposed, moving only when the rotary disc shutter is blocking the film. As Gav shows using a macro lens, there’s a metal claw that goes perfectly into the film’s sprocket hole to move it in perfect time with the selected frame rate. The entire mechanism is exact.

If you want to see the camera operate at 48 fps, which has a shutter speed of 1/120s, be sure to watch the full video above. You could project the film recorded at 48fps at half speed for some analog slow-motion footage.
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Nikon steps up its tethered shooting game with an update to NX Tether

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Nikon steps up its tethered shooting game with an update to NX Tether


Nikon’s been on a roll this week. Following firmware updates for the Z9 and Z50II, the company released version 2.3.0 of NX Tether, its free tethered shooting software. NX Tether allows photographers and videographers to connect their Nikon camera directly to a computer for real-time control over focus, exposure, white balance and more, all while using a larger screen for improved precision.

Users can download and enhance photos on their computers, as NX Tether is compatible with Nikon’s NX Studio and third-party tools, including Adobe Lightroom and Capture One. This latest update enhances compatibility and introduces new features that streamline studio and on-location workflows. Let’s take a look at some of the updates:

  • Expanded Camera Support: NX Tether 2.3.0 makes tethered shooting available for Nikon Z5II users.
  • Live View Accessibility: Live view functionality is now available when connected to a Nikon Zf.
  • Framing Guide Display: The addition of a framing guide in the live view window helps with precise composition, which is especially beneficial for video shoots and detailed product photography.
  • Power Zoom Position Memory: Users can save and load power zoom positions on compatible models like the Z9, Z8, and Zf, for consistent framing across sessions.
  • Pixel Shift Photography: Enhanced support for pixel shift photography is available on the Z8 and Zf, enabling higher-resolution imagery.
  • Slow-motion Video Recording: The Zf now supports slow-motion video recording.
  • Birds Detection Feature: The Zf now supports the “Birds” detection feature, which improves autofocus performance when photographing avian subjects.

NX Tether’s interface mirrors the controls found on Nikon cameras. The application is compatible with macOS versions Sequoia 15, Sonoma 14, and Ventura 13, as well as Microsoft’s Windows 10 and 11 software. Full details on camera compatibility can be found on Nikon’s website.

Nikon’s NX Tether 2.3.0 offers updates that enhance the tethered shooting experience, especially for users of the Z5II and Zf models. It’s a valuable and free tool for photographers and videographers looking for efficient, real-time control over their cameras.

For a visual overview of NX Tether’s capabilities, you may find this demonstration from Nikon’s YouTube page, recorded last year, helpful:



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Image of Palestinian boy with amputated limbs wins World Press Photo of the Year

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Image of Palestinian boy with amputated limbs wins World Press Photo of the Year


World Press Photo has announced its 2025 Photo of the Year, along with two finalists, highlighting some of the most impactful photojournalism of the past year. 3,778 photographers submitted 59,320 photographs, and DPReview recently covered the category winners. This year’s top honor, revealed last night, was bestowed upon Samar Abu Elouf, a Palestinian photojournalist based in Doha, for The New York Times.

Her winning image is a portrait of Mahmoud Ajjour, a young boy wounded while fleeing an Israeli airstrike in Gaza in March 2024. The boy had turned his back to urge his family to move faster when an explosion tore through the street, severing one of his arms and damaging the other. It’s a stark depiction of the toll ongoing violence has taken on the denizens of the region.

Elouf was evacuated from Gaza in late 2023. She shares an apartment complex with Ajjor, the double amputee subject of her image. In recent months, she has continued to document the lives of a small number of severely-wounded Gazans who, like Mahmoud, were able to leave for medical treatment.

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Mahmoud Ajjor has a modest goal: to receive prosthetic limbs and live like other children. By the end of 2024, the United Nations estimated that Gaza had the highest number of child amputees per capita in the world.

Copyright: © Samar Abu Elouf, for The New York Times

Two other finalists were selected as runners-up: John Moore for Night Crossing, depicting Chinese migrants warming themselves at the US-Mexico border at night. Musuk Nolte was also recognized for Droughts in the Amazon, capturing a young man bringing food to his mother in the drought-ridden village of Manacapuru.

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Moore’s image of Chinese migrants warming themselves after a rainstorm, at the US-Mexico border, captures a moment of vulnerability that contrasts with how migration is depicted in mainstream talking points.

Copyright: © John Moore, United States, Getty Images

“I remain endlessly grateful for the photographers who, despite the personal risks and emotional costs, record these stories to give all of us the opportunity to understand, empathise, and be inspired to action,” said Joumana El Zein Khoury, World Press Photo’s Executive Director.

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A young man carries food to his mother in Manacapuru, a village in the Amazon that was once accessible by boat. Now, the river has dried up due to drought, and he walks several kilometers across the cracked riverbed. A harsh reality: the world’s largest rainforest increasingly resembles a desert.

Copyright: © Musuk Nolte, Peru/Mexico, Panos Pictures, Bertha Foundation

The awarded stories will be shown to millions as part of the World Press Photo annual traveling exhibition in over 60 locations worldwide. These locations include the premiere in Amsterdam and then move on to other significant metropolises, including London, Rome, Berlin, Vienna, and Budapest. More information about the images and photographers can be found on the World Press Photo site.



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Canon EOS R1 shooting experience: let's see it in action

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Canon EOS R1 shooting experience: let's see it in action


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Canon EOS R1 | RF 70-200mm F2.8 L IS USM Z | 200mm | F4 | 1/1000 sec | ISO 3200
Photo: Mitchell Clark

Canon’s EOS R1 is the company’s first ‘1 series’ flagship camera to be mirrorless and is specifically aimed at sports and action photographers. Given its narrow focus, we wanted to test it out at a professional sports game – preferably one supported by its Action Priority autofocus mode, which Canon says will recognize when players are performing a specific action and automatically focus on them.

Thankfully, we were able to get a media pass to photograph a Spokane Velocity FC game, which was the perfect opportunity to put the EOS R1 to the test. A caveat before we start: I am by no means a professional sports photographer, nor am I a football expert. However, part of the pitch for Action Priority autofocus is that it’s able to react to what’s happening in the game automatically, which made this an especially interesting test of its abilities, even though most people looking likely to buy an R1 are fully capable of shooting a game without it.

So how’d it do? Quite well, I found. It made shooting feel natural; I would move the camera along with the action, and most of the time, it just handled subject selection, making sure the player in control of the ball was the one in focus. However, it clearly wasn’t a magical replacement for talent, either. There were a few times it decided to track a player who wasn’t involved in the action, though it was relatively easy to correct it by manually putting the AF tracking point over the player.

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RF 70-200mm F2.8 L IS USM Z | 200mm | F2.8 | 1/1000 sec | ISO 1600
Photo: Mitchell Clark

Despite its occasional missteps, upon reviewing my shots, I found that Action Priority mode got me far better results than the combination of my football-tracking skills and standard subject recognition did. The EOS R1 was very tenacious at tracking people and excelled at keeping them in focus – which is great if you have the skill and knowledge necessary to know who to track and when to start tracking someone else.

I actually got the chance to talk to someone with those skills. One of the professional photographers at the game asked what I was shooting with, then said they also use an EOS R1; previously, they’d used an EOS R3. When I asked what they thought of the Action Priority mode, they said they didn’t think it made much of a difference. Given that they’d essentially trained themselves to do what it does, it’s not surprising that they didn’t find it as useful as I – someone without that training – did. However, they did find the EOS R1’s standard subject detection to be stickier than the EOS R3’s, especially when players were passing in front of and behind each other.

They were very fond of the camera’s Eye Control autofocus, where the camera automatically places the focus point on whatever you’re looking at. Despite having calibrated it a few times, I couldn’t get it to work reliably enough for me to be an asset rather than a liability. I tried it for a little bit at the game but ended up turning it off. However, it’s easy to see how it could improve the shooting experience if it does work for you – rather than relying on the camera to figure out what player is important, you can just follow the action with your eye.

Getting back to Action Priority mode, I did bump up against a few limitations with the system. It’s only available when using the electronic shutter and can’t be used with the EOS R1’s anti-flicker feature. While the camera’s readout is jaw-droppingly quick – I didn’t notice any rolling shutter artifacts on soccer balls in mid-flight – you will still see banding on electronic screens and under some LED lights.

EOS-R1-Electronic-sign-banding
You can eliminate banding by switching to the mechanical shutter, but doing so means giving up some of the EOS R1’s features and capabilities.

Electronic shutter | RF 70-200mm F2.8 L IS USM Z | 200mm | F2.8 | 1/1000 sec | Edited to taste in ACR
Photo: Mitchell Clark

The former was definitely an issue at the Spokane One stadium, and I found myself having to choose between giving myself a better chance of capturing the game with Action Priority and not having some quite distracting artifacts in the background. With that said the mechanical shutter on the EOS R1 can only shoot at 12fps instead of 40, which helped make the decision a bit easier.

I also found myself wishing that the pre-burst capture feature was configurable. The amount it buffers is based on your shooting speed: Canon’s manual says that in the 40 shots per second mode, it’ll buffer around half a second, but there’s no setting to control for how long or how many shots you’d like it to buffer.

Because my shooting style involves starting focus tracking with a half-press of the shutter button well before actually taking the photo, I wound up filling almost a third of my storage in the first half-hour of the game since every shot I took saved the 20 shots before it. Rather than trying to get myself used to back-button focusing, which doesn’t start pre-capture*, in the middle of the game, I just turned it off, but I feel like I could’ve gotten a few more good shots if I could’ve used the pre-burst capture, but set to only save five or ten photos from before the shutter press.

* And, in fact, cannot be set to start pre-capture, something that irked the pro I talked to.

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It took me a while to get a header shot, which I strongly suspect would’ve been easier with pre-capture.

RF 70-200mm F2.8 L IS USM Z + RF 1.4x Teleconvertor 150mm | F4 | 1/100 | ISO 320
Photo: Mitchell Clark

Also, Canon, while I have your attention, why can’t I set one of my custom buttons to turn pre-burst capture on and off? To get around this, I followed Brian Worley’s trick of setting up a custom mode that’s exactly the same as my manual shooting mode, except with pre-capture off, but even that’s a bad solution. For one, there’s only one button you can assign to switch between modes, but also, if I made any changes while I was shooting pre-capture, those wouldn’t be carried over when I switched modes to turn it off.

While I’ve picked a lot of nits here, there were, unsurprisingly, a lot of things the EOS R1 did right. Its buffer felt endless – during the game, the camera only ever stopped shooting when I took my finger off the shutter, and never because it had to stop and write the photos to the card. At home, I let it run at 40fps for around 20 seconds and still didn’t reach the bottom of the buffer.

Being able to let the camera run at 40fps means you can capture the entire moment without having to worry about whether you captured the key shot.

The battery had a similar amount of stamina. Over the course of the 90-ish minute game I shot mostly using the viewfinder and took around 9000 photos. (If you’re not confident that you can capture the decisive moment, you might as well capture every moment.) At the end of the day, I still had three out of four bars of battery and would’ve felt quite comfortable shooting for another 90 minutes. I couldn’t have, of course, but the camera could.

That’s probably the moral of the story. It’s no shock that using the EOS R1 didn’t immediately make me a pro sports photographer. Action Priority mode did, however, let me capture moments that only pro sports photographers could’ve not so long ago, and I suspect that Eye Control could’ve done the same if I could get it to work reliably for me.

It’s easy to imagine that sort of thing being really exciting as it makes its way into more accessible models – there’s always been something of a Catch-22 where entry-level cameras aimed at beginners come with the autofocus systems that offer the least assistance. Something like Action Priority mode or Eye Control could help parents capture their children’s sporting achievements without requiring them to become pro photographers or buy high-end cameras that cost thousands of dollars.

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RF 70-200mm F2.8 L IS USM Z | 200mm | F4 | 1/1000 | ISO 1250
Photo: Mitchell Clark

That future may be a ways off, though, and it doesn’t really help tell the story of the EOS R1, a camera almost exclusively for pros. That’s not to say that they won’t use those features, just that they’ll have different considerations when doing so; is Action Priority worth narrowing your shooting options and giving up some manual control so you can fully focus on composition and understanding the state of play, and can you rely on Eye Control when everything’s on the line?

Realistically, I’m not the person to answer those questions. However, it’s interesting that Canon added so many features designed to make a camera that’ll likely only ever be used by professionals easier to use. It’s like getting into an F1 car and discovering that, alongside all the manual controls, it actually has a quite capable self-driving system. The surprising part isn’t that the EOS R1 was up to the task of shooting the game – it’s essentially designed from the ground up to do that – but I wasn’t expecting it to also help me out so much along the way.



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