Solar Energy

Quarter of China’s energy now comes from non-carbon sources: white paper

Published

3 months ago

August 30, 2024

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Quarter of China’s energy now comes from non-carbon sources: white paper

by AFP Staff Writers

Beijing (AFP) Aug 29, 2024

A quarter of all the energy China consumes now comes from non-carbon sources, according to research published Thursday, as Beijing rapidly pivots its huge economy to a greener footing.

The country is the world’s largest emitter of greenhouse gases, though has in recent years emerged as a global leader in renewable energy.

It has pledged to bring its emissions of planet-warming carbon dioxide to a peak by 2030 and to net zero by 2060.

A white paper published Thursday said the proportion of “clean energy” in total national consumption rose from 15.5 percent to 26.4 percent over the past decade, according to state news agency Xinhua. This also includes nuclear energy, according to the paper.

By the end of 2023, China’s cumulative installed capacities of wind and solar power had increased elevenfold over the past decade, it added.

It said China was responsible for more than 40 percent of annual additions to global renewable energy capacity since 2013.

“China has… achieved historic breakthroughs in green and low-carbon energy development,” the white paper said.

Under the Paris climate accord, countries have pledged to cut greenhouse gas emissions with a view to keeping global temperature rises below 1.5 Celsius above pre-industrial levels.

China has won plaudits for its efforts to rapidly ditch polluting energy sources such as coal, but has also resisted calls to act even more ambitiously.

Last week, its wind and solar capacity overshot a target set by President Xi Jinping nearly six years ahead of schedule.

Mismatched development in the country’s renewables sector also means a significant amount of energy gets wasted, while turbulence in the domestic solar industry has pushed some firms into dire financial straits.

– ‘Uncertain factors’ –

China has the ability and is confident that it can achieve its goal of hitting peak carbon emissions before 2030, said Song Wen, head of law and institutional reform at the National Energy Administration.

But domestic energy demand is growing and “unpredictable and uncertain factors are increasing”, Song said at a news briefing to mark the release of the white paper.

While renewables are making up an increasing share of China’s energy consumption, rising demand means that coal use and emissions are still on the rise.

“We must note that China is still a developing country, and we are advancing modernisation for a huge population,” Song said.

“Huge efforts” are needed to achieve the goal of peak carbon and carbon neutrality, she added.

The white paper also rejected “all forms of decoupling” and any “severing of industrial and supply chains”.

The United States and European Union have expressed concern that a surge of low-cost Chinese exports fuelled by Chinese government support in key sectors like solar and electric vehicles may pose a risk to global markets.

China has pushed back against these concerns, calling them “groundless”.

“As a firm advocate of true multilateralism, China opposes all forms of unilateralism and protectionism,” the white paper said.

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Solar Energy

MIT, Harvard and Mass General lead 408 MW green energy push

Published

13 hours ago

November 24, 2024

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MIT, Harvard and Mass General lead 408 MW green energy push

by Nicole Morell | MIT Office of Sustainability

Boston MA (SPX) Nov 25, 2024

MIT is co-leading an effort to enable the development of two new large-scale renewable energy projects in regions with carbon-intensive electrical grids: Big Elm Solar in Bell County, Texas, came online this year, and the Bowman Wind Project in Bowman County, North Dakota, is expected to be operational in 2026. Together, they will add a combined 408 megawatts (MW) of new renewable energy capacity to the power grid. This work is a critical part of MIT’s strategy to achieve its goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2026.

The Consortium for Climate Solutions, which includes MIT and 10 other Massachusetts organizations, seeks to eliminate close to 1 million metric tons of greenhouse gases each year – more than five times the annual direct emissions from MIT’s campus – by committing to purchase an estimated 1.3-million-megawatt hours of new solar and wind electricity generation annually.

“MIT has mobilized on multiple fronts to expedite solutions to climate change,” says Glen Shor, executive vice president and treasurer. “Catalyzing these large-scale renewable projects is an important part of our comprehensive efforts to reduce carbon emissions from generating energy. We are pleased to work in partnership with other local enterprises and organizations to amplify the impact we could achieve individually.”

The two new projects complement MIT’s existing 25-year power purchase agreement established with Summit Farms in 2016, which enabled the construction of a roughly 650-acre, 60 MW solar farm on farmland in North Carolina, leading to the early retirement of a coal-fired plant nearby. Its success has inspired other institutions to implement similar aggregation models.

A collective approach to enable global impact

MIT, Harvard University, and Mass General Brigham formed the consortium in 2020 to provide a structure to accelerate global emissions reductions through the development of large-scale renewable energy projects – accelerating and expanding the impact of each institution’s greenhouse gas reduction initiatives. As the project’s anchors, they collectively procured the largest volume of energy through the aggregation.

The consortium engaged with PowerOptions, a nonprofit energy-buying consortium, which offered its members the opportunity to participate in the projects. The City of Cambridge, Beth Israel Lahey, Boston Children’s Hospital, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Tufts University, the Mass Convention Center Authority, the Museum of Fine Arts, and GBH later joined the consortium through PowerOptions.

The consortium vetted over 125 potential projects against its rigorous project evaluation criteria. With faculty and MIT stakeholder input on a short list of the highest-ranking projects, it ultimately chose Bowman Wind and Big Elm Solar. Collectively, these two projects will achieve large greenhouse gas emissions reductions in two of the most carbon-intensive electrical grid regions in the United States and create clean energy generation sources to reduce negative health impacts.

“Enabling these projects in regions where the grids are most carbon-intensive allows them to have the greatest impact. We anticipate these projects will prevent two times more emissions per unit of generated electricity than would a similar-scale project in New England,” explains Vice President for Campus Services and Stewardship Joe Higgins.

By all consortium institutions making significant 15-to-20-year financial commitments to buy electricity, the developer was able to obtain critical external project financing to build the projects. Owned and operated by Apex Clean Energy, the projects will add new renewable electricity to the grid equivalent to powering 130,000 households annually, displacing over 950,000 metric tons of greenhouse gas emissions each year from highly carbon-intensive power plants in the region.

Complementary decarbonization work underway

In addition to investing in offsite renewable energy projects, many consortium members have developed strategies to reduce and eliminate their own direct emissions. At MIT, accomplishing this requires transformative change in how energy is generated, distributed, and used on campus. Efforts underway include the installation of solar panels on campus rooftops that will increase renewable energy generation four-fold by 2026; continuing to transition our heat distribution infrastructure from steam-based to hot water-based; utilizing design and construction that minimizes emissions and increases energy efficiency; employing AI-enabled sensors to optimize temperature set points and reduce energy use in buildings; and converting MIT’s vehicle fleet to all-electric vehicles while adding more electric car charging stations.

The Institute has also upgraded the Central Utilities Plant, which uses advanced co-generation technology to produce power that is up to 20 percent less carbon-intensive than that from the regional power grid. MIT is charting the course toward a next-generation district energy system, with a comprehensive planning initiative to revolutionize its campus energy infrastructure. The effort is exploring leading-edge technology, including industrial-scale heat pumps, geothermal exchange, micro-reactors, bio-based fuels, and green hydrogen derived from renewable sources as solutions to achieve full decarbonization of campus operations by 2050.

“At MIT, we are focused on decarbonizing our own campus as well as the role we can play in solving climate at the largest of scales, including supporting a cleaner grid in line with the call to triple renewables globally by 2030. By enabling these large-scale renewable projects, we can have an immediate and significant impact of reducing emissions through the urgently needed decarbonization of regional power grids,” says Julie Newman, MIT’s director of sustainability.

+ Fast Forward: MIT’s Climate Action Plan for the Decade

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Solar Energy

Engineers develop additive for affordable renewable energy storage

Published

13 hours ago

November 24, 2024

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Engineers develop additive for affordable renewable energy storage

by Clarence Oxford

Los Angeles CA (SPX) Nov 25, 2024

Advancing the promise of renewable energy sources like solar and wind, University of Wisconsin – Madison researchers have designed a water-soluble chemical additive to improve bromide-based aqueous flow batteries. This innovation addresses critical challenges in energy storage, paving the way for safer and more cost-effective solutions.

“Bromide-based aqueous flow batteries are a promising solution, but there are many messy electrochemical problems with them. That’s why there’s no real successful bromide-based products today,” said Patrick Sullivan, a UW – Madison PhD graduate in chemistry. “Yet, our one additive can solve so many different problems.”

Sullivan, alongside PhD student Gyohun Choi and Assistant Professor Dawei Feng, engineered the additive to enhance battery performance and efficiency. The team’s findings were published in ‘Nature’ on October 23, 2024.

Aqueous Flow Batteries: A Safer Alternative

While lithium-ion batteries are widely used for grid-scale energy storage, their limitations include safety risks, such as fires and explosions, and reliance on a fragile international supply chain. By contrast, aqueous flow batteries, which use water-based electrolytes, offer scalability, sustainability, and improved safety.

The most established flow batteries rely on expensive and scarce vanadium ions. Bromide, a less costly and more abundant alternative, has similar theoretical performance potential. However, bromide-based batteries face practical obstacles. Bromide ions often escape through the membrane, lowering efficiency, or precipitate into an oily residue that disrupts functionality. Worse, the ions can form toxic bromine gas, raising safety concerns.

Solving Challenges with Molecular Engineering

To tackle these issues, Choi and the team developed over 500 molecular candidates, narrowing them to 13 engineered “soft-hard zwitterionic trappers.” These multifunctional additives proved highly effective in resolving bromide flow battery problems.

The additive encapsulates bromide ions, preventing them from passing through the membrane while maintaining their water solubility. It also stabilizes the ions, avoiding the formation of residue or harmful gases. The results have been remarkable. “Our devices with the additive functioned without decay for almost two months compared to ones without it, which typically fail within a day,” Feng explained.

This improvement significantly extends the operational life of the battery, a key factor for renewable energy storage systems designed for long-term use.

Looking Ahead

Choi plans to delve deeper into the science behind additives for halide flow batteries, while Sullivan, now CEO of renewable energy startup Flux XII, will work on scaling the additive for industrial applications. Early tests indicate the additive is viable for large-scale production.

The innovation marks an important step toward achieving reliable and affordable energy storage solutions, a critical component of the renewable energy future.

Research Report:Soft – hard zwitterionic additives for aqueous halide flow batteries

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Solar Energy

Atomic-6 partners with Starpath Robotics for Lunar Power Tower development

Published

13 hours ago

November 24, 2024

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Atomic-6 partners with Starpath Robotics for Lunar Power Tower development

by Erica Marchand

Paris, France (SPX) Nov 25, 2024

Atomic-6 has entered into a development contract with Starpath Robotics to design and build a deployable composite boom for Starpath’s advanced solar power generation system. This collaboration brings together Atomic-6’s innovative composite manufacturing techniques and Starpath’s vision for lunar infrastructure development.

Starpath Robotics is working to establish robotic mining operations on the Moon, aiming to produce hundreds of tons of liquid oxygen annually for use in refueling and space industry applications. Long-term plans include scaling up production to tens of thousands of tons annually to support broader space exploration initiatives.

Saurav Shroff, CEO of Starpath Robotics, emphasized the importance of the project: “The Power Tower’s deployable mast is a challenging component to manufacture. A stiff, reliable, and lightweight mast is important in optimizing power-per-mast and, equally importantly, increasing the visible land area on the Moon that can be serviced by high-data-rate long-range communication systems at the top of the tower. In the not-so-distant future, tens, and then hundreds, and then thousands, of Power Towers establish cislunar capabilities suited for a multiplanetary species. To give a size perspective, the Power Tower will be a colossal structure, equivalent to almost one and a half NBA regulation size basketball courts!”

Atomic-6’s Space Mast technology, offering a 15% increase in specific strength compared to traditional composites, is a key enabler of this initiative. The company’s experience with high-performance composites, demonstrated in USAF STTR projects and its Light Wing solar arrays, positions it as a critical partner in this lunar endeavor.

The collaboration aims to deliver and evaluate a high-performance composite mast for the Power Tower. A successful outcome could lead to a follow-on contract to mass-produce and deploy the system on the Moon, with operational testing anticipated by 2026. This project aligns with Starpath’s mission to cut the costs of deep space missions and supports NASA’s Artemis Program goal of establishing a long-term human presence on the Moon.