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The absolute beginner’s guide to film photography: Color slide film

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The absolute beginner’s guide to film photography: Color slide film
A 1960’s magazine ad for Kodak’s various lines of slide film.
Image courtesy of Nesster

Slide film, otherwise known as positive, reversal or transparency film (and occasionally as ‘E-6’ for its development process), was the choice of ‘pro’ shooters back in the pre-digital film photography days. What’s the difference between slide and print film? Simply, print film produces a negative image, while slide film produces a positive image.

Individual frames of developed slide film can be mounted in sealed sleeves and projected onto a screen. Color slide film produces brighter, more vibrant images than can be produced with color print film. (Black and white slide film exists, but is less common.)

Color slide film produced brighter, more vibrant images than color print film

The downside to slide film is that it’s more difficult to work with. Slide film has very little exposure latitude, meaning the exposure must be spot on to get a good image. Getting positive results (pun intended) requires a camera with proper exposure controls, as opposed to an inexpensive fixed-exposure camera, and a photographer who understands how to meter a scene properly. You have to know what you’re doing to shoot slides, which is why it was (and still is) regarded as a ‘professional’ film.

Climbers approach the alpenglow-illuminated summit of California’s Mt. Shasta. (Kodak Ektachrome 100VS)
Photo: Dale Baskin

An Oversimplified Explanation of Color Slide Film Works

Color slide film works much like color print film, with layers of emulsions, each sensitive to a different color of light, and chemicals called dye couplers. When the film is developed, the interaction of the emulsion and the developer produces a positive image, which is (usually) cut and mounted in plastic or cardboard sleeves which can be fit into a carrier for a slide projector.

All slide film sold today uses the E-6 process. Kodak Kodachrome, a predecessor to E-6 slide film, used a different process (K-14) in which the color dyes were introduced during the development process. Kodachrome was discontinued in 2009 and the last Kodachrome processor shut down in 2010.

Types of Color Slide Film

Photo: Dale Baskin

Because slide film cannot be color-corrected in processing, the film must be balanced for the type of light you are shooting. Today, most slide film is daylight balanced, and it reproduces incandescent lights as a reddish-brown. In the past, it was possible to buy tungsten-balanced slide film (which rendered incandescent lights properly but showed daylight as pale blue), but tungsten slide film is not (currently) available. For indoor, tungsten-lit photography with slide film, you can either use a 85A cooling filter or use a flash.

Because slide film cannot be color-corrected in processing, the film must be balanced for the type of light you are shooting

Among daylight films, there are notable variations in color rendition. Kodakchrome (now discontinued) was known for its warm reds and yellows, while Ektachrome emphasizes colder blue and green tones. Fujichrome Velvia makes colors pop – especially blues and greens, which made it a favorite of landscape photographers.

As with other types of film, the speed of slide film is specified as an ISO (a.k.a. ASA) number. Higher ISO film is more sensitive to light and therefore requires less exposure (smaller aperture or a quicker shutter speed). Color slide film is generally found in 50 to 400 ISO ranges, and the exposure required mimics that of our digital cameras: ISO 50 or 100 film requires a sunny day, while 400 speed film is better suited to cloudy conditions. Film can be ‘pushed’ to a higher speed (if your processing lab will agree to develop it accordingly), but this will generally increase grain.

This candlelight vigil in New York City’s Union Square Park followed the 9/11 attacks on the World Trade Center, and is featured in the book Flags Across America. (Fujichrome Provia 100F)
Photo: Dale Baskin

How Much Does Color Slide Film Cost?

Slide film is the most expensive of all film types. 35mm slide film typically ranges from $15 to $20 per 36-exposure roll. 120-size slide film for medium-format cameras is usually sold in five-roll packs priced in the $45 to $55 range, but many vendors will sell individual rolls for $10-$12.

Developing Color Slide Film

Just as it is pricier than color print film to buy, color slide film is often (but not always) slightly more expensive to process. Conversely, with slide film you don’t have to worry about the cost of prints. Most labs will cut and mount your slides in cardboard or plastic unless you tell them not to. Slide scanning services are also available.

The downside to slide film is that it’s more difficult to work with. Slide film has very little exposure latitude, meaning the exposure must be spot on to get a good image

Like color negative film, color slide film can be developed at home using an E-6 processing kit. Compared to the C-41 color print process, E-6 has more steps and therefore more chemicals. Like C-41 (and unlike B&W developing), E-6 is very sensitive to time and temperature, and getting either one wrong (even slightly) can result in undesirable color shifts. The extra chemicals make E-6 kits more expensive, and while home developing is still cheaper than lab developing, the price difference is narrower than with other types of film.

It used to be possible to make photographic prints from slides using a process called Cibachrome (later known as Ilfochrome), but the supplies are no longer available. Color slide film can be scanned, but it looks best when projected. If you’re scanning, you may as well save money by shooting print film, unless you’re really after the ‘look’ of a particular slide film stock.

Training climbers to extricate themselves from a glacial crevasse on Mt. Rainier’s Nisqually glacier. (Fujichrome Provia 400F)
Photo: Dale Baskin

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Our ‘Absolute beginner’s guide to film photography’ is an educational series of articles focused on demystifying the ins and outs of analog photography. Geared toward those discovering (or re-discovering) film, the series will cover everything from gear, to technique and more. View all of the articles in our guide here.

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An antique camera find exposes a mystery about 70 year old pictures

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An antique camera find exposes a mystery about 70 year old pictures


Oliver Barnes and the No1 Pocket Kodak that contained the mystery negatives.

Photo: Oliver Barnes

Here’s an interesting entry for Film Friday: Oliver Barnes, a 20-year-old antique camera fan, was in a Salisbury antique shop when he discovered a bag hiding in the corner. Inside the bag was a No1 Pocket Kodak, a camera that went into production in the 1920s. That would be an exciting enough find, but once he worked out how to open the camera, he discovered film inside, as the BBC reports.

“I was in complete shock; I was so worried I had exposed the film because they are very, very light sensitive,” he said.”It’s, like, 100 years old, so I wasn’t expecting the film to come out of it.”

image-from-no1-pocket-kodak-camera-barnes
Some of the photos show a crowd of people and television crew outside the Portcullis Hotel in Chipping Sodbury.

Photo: Unknown / Oliver Barnes

The No. 1 Pocket Kodak used 6x9cm negatives, which resulted in a decent level of detail from simple contact prints for photographers at the time. Of course, developing such negatives today isn’t as straightforward as it used to be. Barnes brought the negatives to Fujifilm Salisbury Photo Centre, where Ian Scott helped narrow down some of the details related to the images. Scott knew the film inside the camera wasn’t produced until the late 1950s, providing a more precise timeline of when the images could have been taken.

Given the age of the negatives, it was surprising how well they turned out. “They’re really good quality for how old they are; I wasn’t really expecting anything,” said Barnes. The developed images revealed more mysteries, however. Some of the images show an event of some sort. Barnes did some sleuthing and figured out the photo was taken from the upper floor of a building overlooking the Portcullis Hotel and the war memorial in Chipping Sodbury. There appears to be a television crew on the edge of the frame.

The images have sparked lots of interest locally in an attempt to identify the event. “It’s caused quite a fuss on social media round here. It got shared literally everywhere,” said local photographer Richard McDonough. “We’ve had all sorts of people coming up with speculation and different ideas of what it might be.” Some have guessed a wedding, while others have proposed an event related to the American Army, which was posted nearby during WWII. “There are so many different scenarios,” said tourist center volunteer Barry Townsend.

image-from-no1-pocket-kodak-camera-barnes-2
This photo is believed to be of two students on the Swilcan Bridge at the University of St. Andrews, though the two men have not been identified.

Photo: Unknown / Oliver Barnes

Another image shows two young men on a bridge who have not been identified yet. However, they are assumed to be two University of St. Andrews students. Barnes and others searching for answers hope that sharing the images may spark someone’s memory. Even if the details remain a mystery, it certainly is a fun find to stumble on. It’s also a good reminder to be careful with how you open thrifted film cameras; you never know what gems you may find inside.



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Leica just released a surprising accessory for diehard mobile photography

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Leica just released a surprising accessory for diehard mobile photography


Photo: Leica

With its latest announcement, Leica is furthering its focus on mobile photography, adding a new accessory to its lineup. The company designed the Leica Lux Grip specifically for iPhones, following up on the June release of the Leica Lux iPhone app. The grip is strictly for Leica lovers, as it will only work with Leica’s iPhone app; controls will not transfer to the default iPhone camera app or any other third-party options.

Leica says the Lux Grip is “similar to a classic Leica camera in terms of its handling and feel.” It goes even further and explains that all of the grip’s “physical controls consistently express Leica’s design philosophy and conjure up the familiar experience of using a professional camera.” Any grip will make for a more camera-like experience and make taking photographs with a phone a bit more ergonomic, so users who focus on mobile photography could certainly benefit from it.

leica-LUX-Grip-on-blue
Photo: Leica

The grip relies on a magnetic MagSafe connection rather than a case-like design, which is typical in other phone grips. The magnetic attachment makes switching between portrait and landscape orientations easy while maintaining a comfortable grip with easy controls. Plus, removing the grip when it’s not needed and returning to a traditional phone form factor is straightforward. That also means that when users purchase a new iPhone, there’s no need to buy an entirely new grip specific to that phone.

The Lux Grip uses Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) connectivity to communicate with a phone’s camera, allowing users to control camera functionality without digging into phone menus. That includes a two-stage shutter release that, like cameras, uses light pressure to focus and a full press to take a photo. There’s also a button to switch between shooting modes, two customizable buttons and a dial for adjusting settings.

leica-LUX-Grip-in-case
Photo: Leica

For those who want to go all out, Leica also released a leather case designed just for the Lux Grip, which features an AirTag holder.

The Leica Lux Grip is available for $329 on Leica’s website and B&H. The purchase includes a year of the Leica LUX Pro subscription.


Buy now:

$329 at B&H

$329 at Leica


Press release:

Leica Camera AG is launching the Leica LUX Grip for the iPhone today.

The camera grip impresses with its intuitive operation and high-quality manufacturing while, at the same time, setting new standards for photographic precision using a smartphone. The Leica LUX Grip is similar to a classic Leica camera in terms of its handling and feel. Its clear design, sophisticated operating concept and easy attachment – guaranteed by secure magnetic MagSafe technology – improve the ergonomics and functionality of smartphone photography, taking it to a new level. The LUX Grip and iPhone communicate via Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) and are perfectly complemented by the Leica LUX app.

All of the LUX Grip’s physical controls consistently express Leica’s design philosophy and conjure up the familiar experience of using a professional camera. The 2-stage shutter release focusses with light pressure and starts shooting when fully pressed down. A button allows you to quickly switch between shooting modes. Two control elements can be individually assigned and customised via the Leica LUX app. While one button provides quick access to frequently used functions, the easy-to-grip control dial enables the precise selection of camera settings – such as zoom, aperture, shutter speed and exposure compensation. This means that photographers have all the essential aspects of image composition in their own hands, even when using a smartphone.

The Leica LUX app rounds off the photographic experience by adding the unmistakable image and colour aesthetics of legendary Leica lenses. The bokeh effect of the Summilux-M or Noctilux-M can be used to deliberately emphasise features while retaining full control over exposure, ISO and shutter speed. Unique Leica Looks – from Vivid to classic Black&White – expand the artistic palette, lending digital photography an analogue character. The Leica LUX app forms a perfect symbiosis with the LUX Grip. The full version of the app is included for one year with every Grip product registration.

The LUX Grip also sets the tone when it comes to sustainability. Thanks to its modular design, the Grip can be easily reused with all electronic components every time you change your iPhone. Only the MagSafe base plate has to be replaced. Weighing just 130 grams, the Leica LUX Grip is comfortable to hold and is equally suitable for left- and right-handed users. Its powerful battery lets you take up to 1,000 shots and will be ready for use again in a flash with a charging time of 2 hours via USB-C.

The Leica LUX Grip is now available in selected Leica Stores, in the Leica Online Store and from specialist retailers. The recommended retail price is EUR 300 incl. VAT.



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Nikon Z 35mm F1.2 S pre-production sample gallery

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Nikon Z 35mm F1.2 S pre-production sample gallery


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Nikon Nikkor Z 35mm F1.2 pre-production | F1.2 | 1/125 sec | ISO 64

Earlier this week, Nikon announced the Nikkor Z 35mm F1.2 S, a wide-angle lens with a fast aperture. We were able to spend a few hours on the streets of Seattle with a pre-production model, and got some shots that should give you an idea of what this lens is about.

A few caveats to keep in mind – given that the photos were shot with a pre-production lens, they may not be exactly indicative of how a production model would perform. Our standard lens gallery procedure also involves processing the images through Capture One, giving us precise control over what corrections are and are not applied. However, the images in this sample gallery are straight out of camera JPEGs, and thus may have corrections that wouldn’t usually be applied to images in our sample galleries.

Sample gallery
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