Despite Eastman Kodak making tentative steps back into the consumer photo film market, and its name still being applied to the front of countless licensees’ compact cameras, there’s still a widely-held sense of ‘What if?’ surrounding the Kodak name.

Not only did the company dominate the film industry, it also did more than its share of founding photography’s digital age.

It was a Kodak engineer, Steve Sasson, who in 1975 produced the world’s first digital camera as we recognize them today: a self-contained, comparatively hand-holdable device that captured images with a CCD sensor. Though, perhaps thankfully, the Compact Cassette tape didn’t last long as a storage medium.

Likewise it was a Kodak engineer, Bryce Bayer, who invented his eponymous, and now near ubiquitous color filter pattern, patented the same year.

So perhaps it’s not surprise that it was Kodak that, 35 years ago this month, launched the first commercial digital SLR.

The Kodak DCS (Digital Camera System) built on both these existing inventions, combining a 1.3MP CCD sensor with a Bayer color filter array. It was designed as a digital back that could be mounted onto an unmodified Nikon F3 film camera body, with the add-on unit including a motor drive to cock the camera’s shutter between shots.

Where it all started (for camera buyers) Photo: Marc Aubry

The sensor was an in-house Kodak chip, the KAF1300, a 21 x 16.6mm sensor, roughly comparable in size to the 1.6x crop sensors in Canon’s later APS-C digital camera. It delivered 1280 x 1024 px images, with both mono and color versions being offered.

A cable then connected the camera to a shoulder-slung ‘Digital Storage Unit,’ which contained a 20 megabyte hard drive, lead acid camcorder battery and the ability to add options such as a JPEG compression processing board. This allowed the camera to capture up to 156 uncompressed images or around 600 compressed photos.

If you’re wondering why we’re describing it as the first “commercial” DSLR, it’s because the DCS was developed from a series of earlier, often government/military-funded digital camera projects. Kodak’s earliest DSLRs were created by its Federal Systems Division (FSD), which developed a camera based on a Canon F-1 body and a 1MP CCD sensor, as early as 1988.

The company’s Professional Photography Division developed a prototype somewhat closer to the DCS in 1990, based on a Nikon F3 body and that, intruigingly, led to FSD making the Hawkeye II, one version of which used a 5 megabyte memory card and lithium ion batteries, making it more directly comparable to a modern digital camera in many ways.

However, this more portable camera only had capacity for four full-res images, hence the decision to persevere with the external storage unit’s development for the DCS.

Photo: Marc Aubry

Kodak continued to develop the camera, with the later DCS 200 (whose introduction prompted a journalist to coin the ‘DCS 100’ name, by which the original camera is now widely known), leading to a series of DCS cameras culminating in the Nikon and Sigma-bodied 14MP DCS Pro SLR models in 2004.

The DCS’s lead engineer, Jim McGarvey, said the prominence of Nikon in the US photojournalism market led to the decision to built the original DCS around an F3, but both F-mount and EF-mount versions of later DCS models were produced, with varying levels of input and support from Nikon and Canon. It would be another eight years before Nikon introduced the first Japan-designed DSLR, the recognizably modern Nikon D1.

McGarvey’s own website is host to a fascinating details and insights into the Kodak DCS and the cameras that came both before and after it.

With thanks to Marc Aubry for the photos from his camera collection. You can see more of his images on his Flickr page

Source link