Each year, Apple’s iPhone launch event devotes considerable time to its newest flagship iPhone Pro model, which features the company’s most advanced cameras. For photography and video enthusiasts who want Apple’s latest imaging technology, the iPhone Pro is the clear choice.

And every year, Apple tries to convince us that its cameras are better than ever, and that this
is the year to upgrade to make your photos more magical than ever before.

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But is it worth it? Most people upgrade their smartphones only every few years, and it can be hard to know when an upgrade will truly make a difference to your photos. We’re here to help sort the noise from the facts. In this photography-focused comparison, we’ll examine every iPhone Pro model from the last six years – back to 2020’s iPhone 12 Pro – to help you decide if an upgrade makes sense.

Before we dive into older models, let’s review what’s new with the iPhone 18 Pro.

Or, you can jump directly to a comparison between the iPhone 18 Pro series and your current model:

• iPhone 17 Pro and Pro Max
• iPhone 16 Pro and Pro Max
• iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max
• iPhone 14 Pro and Pro Max
• iPhone 13 Pro and Pro Max
• iPhone 12 Pro and Pro Max

iPhone 18 Pro and Pro Max: What’s new

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Like its predecessors, the iPhone 18 Pro and Pro Max have main, ultrawide and telephoto cameras. All three use 48MP sensors that Apple calls “Fusion” sensors, which are essentially a Quad Bayer design that combines binned and full-resolution pixel data. This year’s headline feature is something we’ve never seen on an iPhone before: a mechanical variable aperture on the main camera.

The aperture has four settings (F1.48, F1.8, F2.8 and F4), spanning just under three stops. That’s roughly F5 to F14 in full-frame terms, so background blur won’t change dramatically, but you do get real control over depth of field. At F1.48, the lens is also about half a stop brighter than the 17 Pro’s F1.78 lens, which accounts for most of Apple’s claimed low-light gain. The sensor is new, but it’s the same size.

For video, stopping down allows slower shutter speeds, getting you closer to a 180-degree shutter in shade or overcast light. In bright sun, though, you’ll still need about a four- to five-stop ND filter at F4 to shoot 24p at 1/50 sec.

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Apple has also added Pro controls in the built-in Camera app, allowing you to manually set aperture, shutter speed and white balance, complete with a live histogram.

The rest of the camera hardware carries over from the 17 Pro, including the ultrawide, the 4x (100mm equiv.) telephoto and the 18MP Center Stage front camera. Software additions include Smart focus tracking, texture and grain controls in Photographic Styles, 4K/60p Cinematic mode, and the ability to apply cinematic effects to video after capture.

Finally, the 18 Pro introduces Apple Reference Image, an opt-in authenticity feature. In Reference mode, the sensor captures signed data that Apple’s Private Cloud Compute servers turn into an unalterable reference image. It appears alongside the main photo so you can check whether the photo has been edited. It’s Apple’s own alternative to the C2PA Content Credentials that Google has adopted.

The big picture

Before diving into individual comparisons, let’s look at how the iPhone Pro’s camera system has evolved. At a high level, this is what to look for:

• Sensor size and aperture: All other factors being equal, a larger sensor captures more light, resulting in higher-quality photos, especially in low light. A variable aperture (the 18 Pro models) provides additional control over how much light hits the sensor.
• Resolution:
  More megapixels mean higher-resolution images and the ability to maintain resolution with ‘virtual’ zoom lenses.
• Focal lengths:
  While the main and ultrawide cameras have been pretty consistent, telephoto cameras have had more varied configurations.
• Video features:
  Know which features you need – and which ones you don’t – when deciding whether to upgrade.

In the table below, green boxes represent significant upgrades from previous models.

Editor’s note:
All focal lengths in this article are full-frame equivalents.

*All focal lengths are full-frame equivalents

Before the 18 Pro added a variable aperture, the main camera’s last notable upgrades came with the 13 Pro and 14 Pro, and it was largely unchanged from the 14 Pro through the 17 Pro.

The ultrawide camera was upgraded on the 13 Pro and 14 Pro, and again on the iPhone 16 Pro, which also gained a 48MP sensor.

The telephoto camera has seen more variability, with focal lengths between 52mm (2x) and 120mm (5x), with the most significant upgrade being the iPhone 17 Pro, which gained a 48MP sensor that’s substantially larger than in previous models.

Apple has continued to add video features with each generation. All models in the table can also capture ProRAW photos.

If you have an iPhone 17 Pro or Pro Max

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For iPhone 17 Pro owners, the year-over-year upgrade hinges almost entirely on whether you want variable aperture control on the main camera.

The iPhone 17 Pro has the same 48MP ultrawide and telephoto cameras and the same 18MP Center Stage front camera. The 18 Pro’s main sensor is new, but it’s the same size, and we would expect image quality to be broadly the same at similar apertures.

The variable aperture on the main camera is the key difference. F1.48 is about half a stop brighter than the 17 Pro’s F1.78 lens, which could be important if you frequently shoot in low light. At the other end, stopping down to F4 provides more depth of field for close subjects and group shots, and will let you use slower shutter speeds for video in shade or overcast light.

The 18 Pro also adds built-in Pro controls to Apple’s Camera app, Smart focus tracking, texture and grain controls in Photographic Styles, and Apple Reference Image. For video, you can now apply cinematic effects after capture. If those features or the variable aperture don’t matter to you, it’s hard to recommend the upgrade, and third-party apps can already give the 17 Pro manual shutter speed and white balance control.

If you have an iPhone 16 Pro or Pro Max

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For iPhone 16 Pro or Pro Max owners, the upgrade will not only net you the variable aperture main camera, but a much-improved telephoto camera as well.

The iPhone 16 Pro has a main camera similar to the 18 Pro’s (minus the variable aperture) and the same ultrawide camera.

However, there’s a big difference in telephoto cameras. The iPhone 18 Pro has a 48MP telephoto sensor that’s over 50% larger than the one in the 16 Pro. With the same F2.8 aperture, that works out to about 2/3 stop more light. The telephoto focal length has also changed, decreasing from 120mm (5x) on the 16 Pro to 100mm (4x) on the 18 Pro.

The 4x zoom on the 18 Pro may sound like a downgrade, but a common complaint on the iPhone 16 Pro was the large gap between its main and telephoto cameras. This forced mid-range zoom shots to rely heavily on computationally-enhanced crops from the main sensor. The 18 Pro’s 4x telephoto narrows that gap, allowing the phone to switch to the dedicated telephoto lens and its full sensor area sooner.

Additionally, the iPhone 16 Pro and all older models used Apple’s previous 4:3 front-facing selfie camera. The newer Center Stage camera could be a reason to upgrade if you take many selfies or shoot video on the move.

New video features include ProRes RAW and Genlock (aimed at advanced videographers), Apple Log 2, 4K/60p Cinematic mode and the ability to apply cinematic effects after shooting. Unless you specifically need them, these features alone don’t justify an upgrade.

If you have an iPhone 15 Pro or Pro Max

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For iPhone 15 Pro or Pro Max users, the camera differences start to stack up more dramatically.

The main camera on the 15 Pro uses the same sensor size as the 18 Pro, but with a fixed F1.78 lens, so the 18 Pro gains about half a stop at F1.48, plus the flexibility of a variable aperture. Apple has also introduced faster-readout versions of this sensor since the 15 Pro, enabling “zero shutter lag” even when shooting Raw.

The telephoto cameras are more complicated. The iPhone 15 Pro and Pro Max use different modules, with 77mm (3x) and 120mm (5x) lenses, respectively. This means upgrading to the 18 Pro’s 100mm (4x) telephoto could result in either more or less reach than you’re used to. In either case, the upgrade will get you the 18 Pro’s 48MP sensor, which is over 50% larger than the 15 Pro Max’s and almost double the size of the 15 Pro’s.

Image stabilization is another factor to consider. The iPhone 15 Pro Max’s telephoto module uses sensor-shift image stabilization. In contrast, the smaller iPhone 15 Pro’s telephoto uses Apple’s older, less effective optical image stabilization system. Sensor-shift stabilization didn’t come to the smaller iPhone Pro’s telephoto module until the iPhone 16 series, so iPhone 15 Pro users will experience improved telephoto stabilization after upgrading.

Dale Baskin

Ultrawide and macro photographers may be drawn to the iPhone 18 Pro’s 48MP ultrawide camera. Like Apple’s other 48MP sensors, it’s a Quad Bayer design, so the resolution gain isn’t as large as the numbers suggest. Still, it captures more detail and provides more latitude for cropping macro shots. The sensor size remains unchanged, however, so don’t expect low-light improvements.

The 18 Pro includes other features not on the 15 Pro, such as the Camera Control button and the latest generation of Photographic Styles, which lets you change the look after a photo is taken. Video upgrades include 4K/120p capture (up from 4K/60p) for more dramatic slow-motion, Apple Log 2, after-capture cinematic effects, and support for ProRes RAW and Genlock.

If you have an iPhone 14 Pro or Pro Max

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The camera modules in the iPhone 14 Pro and Pro Max are broadly similar to those in the 15 Pro, except for the 15 Pro Max’s 5x telephoto. As a result, much of the same upgrade logic applies.

The iPhone 14 Pro was the first model with the 48MP, Type 1/1.28 main sensor format Apple still uses, though the 18 Pro will benefit from faster readout speeds. Additionally, the 14 Pro defaults to 12MP photos binned from its 48MP sensor, compared to the 24MP default on more recent models. (Full 48MP resolution is still available via a settings change, however.)

Upgrading to the 18 Pro will get you newer 48MP sensors on the ultrawide and telephoto modules. The telephoto sensor is also nearly twice the size of the 14 Pro’s, which, with the same F2.8 aperture, works out to almost a full stop more light.

Neither iPhone 14 Pro model includes sensor-shift image stabilization on the telephoto camera, relying instead on the older, less effective optical image stabilization system. Upgrading to the 18 Pro will provide superior sensor-shift stabilization on the telephoto camera, where it’s needed most.

Newer iPhones like the 18 Pro also feature lens coatings not found on the 14 Pro, which can reduce lens flare when shooting into bright light. (Though models with updated coatings still have the green flare balls that have almost become a calling card of iPhone photos.) Newer models can also capture 3D spatial images, a feature the iPhone 14 Pro lacks.

Dale Baskin

Video capabilities may be the most compelling reason to upgrade. The iPhone 14 Pro captures ProRes video, but not the ProRes Log format desired by videographers for its color grading flexibility. Furthermore, its ProRes recording tops out at 4K/30p (1080/30p on 128GB models), restricting slow-motion options.

The 14 Pro was also the last model with a Lightning connector. Newer models use the more universal USB-C, which offers data transfer speeds up to 10Gbit per second – 20 times faster than the Lightning port’s USB 2.0 speeds.

If you primarily use the main camera, upgrading to the 18 Pro may not return huge dividends, unless the variable aperture is important to you. However, for frequent users of the ultrawide and telephoto cameras, or for videographers who want Log video, the upgrade becomes a compelling, no-brainer decision.

If you have an iPhone 13 Pro or Pro Max

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With iPhone models this old, the differences in technology become more stark, and for iPhone 13 Pro or Pro Max owners, upgrading to the 18 Pro will improve the camera experience in nearly every way.

The iPhone 13 Pro was the last generation to use a smaller 12MP main camera sensor before Apple switched to the 48MP sensor that became its standard. The 18 Pro’s sensor is 63% larger than the one in the 13 Pro, and with roughly equivalent maximum apertures (F1.48 vs F1.5), it can capture about 3/4 stop more light, giving it a big leg up in image quality. The 13 Pro also lacks the benefits of the 48MP sensor, which uses pixel binning for extra detail and enables the ‘2x’ virtual lens option found on newer models.

The situation is similar for the ultrawide camera. Its 12MP sensor is roughly half the size of the 18 Pro’s. While its F1.8 aperture is faster than the 18 Pro’s F2.2, the 13 Pro’s ultrawide is still about a third of a stop behind in overall light-gathering and lacks the benefits of the 48MP sensor.

The telephoto camera is where you’ll see the most dramatic difference. The iPhone 18 Pro’s telephoto sensor is nearly twice as large as the 13 Pro’s, and with the same F2.8 aperture, it captures almost a full stop more light. The 18 Pro also uses more effective sensor-shift stabilization on its telephoto module, compared to the older optical stabilization on the 13 Pro models.

As with the 14 Pro, video features could be a deciding factor, especially if you want ProRes Log for color grading latitude. With all three of the 13 Pro’s cameras still at 12MP, lower light-gathering capacity, and a shorter video feature list, this is an easy upgrade to recommend.

If you have an iPhone 12 Pro or Pro Max

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Six years feels like an eternity in technology, and the cameras on the iPhone 12 Pro and Pro Max are showing their age.

The main camera sensor on the iPhone 18 Pro is almost three times larger than the one in the iPhone 12 Pro, and its lens is also slightly faster (F1.48 vs F1.6). Combined, that gives the 18 Pro’s main camera about a 1.8-stop light-gathering advantage, or roughly 3.5 times more light. That’s a dramatic difference, and will be noticeable in photos.

The iPhone 12 Pro Max stays a little closer to the 18 Pro, thanks to its slightly larger sensor, but it still falls 1.25 stops behind, meaning the 18 Pro gathers almost 2.4 times as much light. Not as much, but still a big difference.

Similarly, the 18 Pro’s ultrawide sensor is almost twice as large as the 12 Pro’s, which also has a slower F2.4 aperture. The net result is that the 18 Pro’s ultrawide captures about 1.2 stops more light.

The telephoto comparison is more nuanced. The 12 Pro models have smaller telephoto sensors, but their faster apertures let them roughly match the 18 Pro’s telephoto in total light-gathering. However, their 2x (52mm) and 2.5x (65mm) lenses offer far less reach than the 18 Pro’s 4x (100mm) telephoto.

The 18 Pro’s main camera can also stand in for the 12 Pro’s telephoto: a 2x (48mm) crop still delivers 12MP while capturing about 1.4 stops more light. Matching the 12 Pro Max’s 65mm lens requires a tighter crop that yields only about 6.5MP, though it still gathers nearly a stop more light.

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Image stabilization is another key difference. The iPhone 12 Pro Max was the first to introduce sensor-shift stabilization on its main camera, but the smaller 12 Pro used older, less effective optical stabilization. Upgrading from the smaller 12 Pro will provide a noticeable improvement, as all Pro models since the 13 series have featured sensor-shift on their main cameras.

The 12 Pro models also show their age in video. While they capture Dolby Vision HDR and 4K/60p, they lack all the other video features Apple has introduced in the last six years.

If improving photo quality is your goal, this upgrade makes absolute sense. With 12MP sensors across the board, less light-gathering capability, an older imaging pipeline and far less telephoto reach, you’ll see an across-the-board improvement in image quality.

Conclusion

Apple’s slick presentations make it easy to feel like you need the newest iPhone cameras, and I give Apple credit for being very good at that. The reality, however, is that most annual updates are incremental. Major improvements are the exception, not the rule.

Also, when considering an upgrade, keep in mind that you may not need to buy Apple’s newest iPhone Pro, depending on the features you need or want. If an older model meets your requirements, you might save a chunk of change by buying a recent used phone, or even a refurbished model from Apple that’s newer than your current one and still offers the features you want.